INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AND DESCRIPTION

    INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER                                 AND DESCRIPTION

Introduction

The invention of the computer has affected many areas of our lives.in its early time, it was very costly and rare machine, limited to scientific laboratory and research centre .it was difficult to work on and they were very bulky. slowly, the technology improved and the size of computer reduced as well as it's working because easy.computers have completely altered the structure of the business, a large volume of accounting and record keeping, data can be manipulated, organized, stored, retrieved and used for scientific purposes. Nowadays, the computer is used in homes offices, shops and almost everywhere. It is used to simple as well as most difficult calculations. every business, no matter big or small, is based on computers.similarly, an organization without a computer is hard to find.computer have changed the word.
A computer is a high-speed electronic device that accepts data and instructions form user, then process the data according to produce information as output.it also capable of performing arithmetic and logical operation on data .it also stores and executes set of instructions.data is entered in the computer through some input device like keyboard, mouse,etc.it is than processed by C.P.U.and results is displayed through output devise like monitor.the computer performance three fundamental steps

DATA.    →         PROCESSING   →    INFORMATION

Evolution of computer

The first mechanical calculator developed by BLAISE PASCAL acted as a model for the modern computers. since then many machines were developed which lead the way to modern microcomputers. A series of a scientific breakthrough by many scientists have contributed to produce this electronic machines called the computer

Abacus

Movable beads on a wooden frame constitute the first known calculating device. the abacus was used by the ancient Greeks and Romans.

PASCALine

A gear drove the machine capable of addition, subtraction and multiplication, considered as multiplication, considered as the first mechanical calculator, was invented by French mathematician BLAISE PASCAL in the year 1642

Jacquards loom

In 1801, a Frenchman named Joseph Jacquard perfected a loom that was controlled by the holes in a cardboard punched cards. this machine gave an idea about storage.

DIFFERENCE ENGINE

In  1822, Charles Babbage invented his first machines (Difference Engine). he designed in to calculate logarithm tables. A series of levers were used to enter the data and a device similar to the typewriter was used to print the output.

ANALYTICS ENGINE

1833,it was developed by Charles Babbage to perform addition, subtracted, multiplication and division through the use of the stored program. first programmer lady Ada August Byron Lovelace helped him in its developing.

Standoff Berry computer

This electronic machine was developed by Dr.john Standoff in 1939 to certain mathematical equations. It was called Atanasoff-Berry computer or ABC after it's internal logic and capacitors for storage

MARK1
              IN 1944, DR.howard Aiken developed a machine called as Automatic sequence controlled calculator which was later named as mark-1. It was the first electromechanical computer

ENIAC
                 First, fully electronic computer named ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was developed by prospering Evert and J.W.Mauchly in 1945. It used high speed
Vacuum tube switching devices

EDVAC

IN 1946, Dr. john Von Neumann used the principle of storing in 0 and1(binary digits) in place of earlier technologies and developed EDVAC with the new concept of 'stored program'.EDVAC(ELECTRONIC DISCRETE VARIABLE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER)

UNIVAC
           universal Automatic computer was developed by Evert and Mauchly in year 1951.it was the first commercial computers used by Electronic Corporation. Its Memory was of MDL(mercury deal line)

  PDP Series
                       The computer of this series was developed by DEC(Digital Equipment Corporation)

PDP-1.     1961.        8bit.      4KB
PDP-8.      1965.        16bit.     16kB
PDP-11.      1970.       16 bit.     32 KB

MICRO COMPUTER

Intel is the no.1 company in microprocessor the microprocessor developed by this company were the best for microcomputers, few of them are as follows
8080.          1974.          8bits
8085.          1978.          8bits
8086.          1980.           16bits
80286.         1982.          32bits
80386.          1985.          32 bits
80486.          1986.          32bits

PENTIUM SERIES

After 80486,Intel developed Pentium processors which are used almost in every computer now a days
PENTIUM.                       1993
PENTIUM 1.                     1995
PENTIUM 2.                     1997
PENTIUM MOBILE.         1998
PENTIUM 3.                       2000
PENTIUM centrino.          2004

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